![]() We find that strong resource base and forestry tradition are important framework conditions and that specifically a high relative economic importance of the forest sector in the region is supportive for a strong innovation system. While the forest-sector innovation system in Catalonia appears to have an industry gap, in the Basque Country there is a strong industry but weak public policy support. We found strong sectoral innovation systems in three regions: North Karelia (FI), Baden-Württemberg (DE) and Aquitaine (FR). We apply our model empirically to five regional forest-sector clusters, which were studied in a European research project, focusing on three particular forest-related innovation fields: energy, wood construction and bio-based products. By looking at a range of framework condition factors we also aim to explain the strengths of these sectoral innovation systems. With this approach, we aim to describe and compare regional forest industry clusters across Europe and to assess how well their innovation systems are developed and how strongly they support innovations. ![]() This paper develops and applies a comprehensive model for characterising regional forest-sector innovation systems.
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